We propose an efficient method for fabricating superhydrophobic, wear, and corrosion resistance textured surfaces based on TB6 (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al) titanium alloy substrates. The smooth surface of the titanium alloy was ablated using a nanosecond laser to create a textured surface with a parallel groove pattern. The textured surface was irradiated by an ultraviolet lamp for 1 hour and subsequently immersed in a 3 wt% octadecyltrichlorosilane solution for 2 hours for chemical modification. The wettability of the textured surfaces with varying groove spacing was investigated by analyzing surface morphology and chemical composition. The average coefficient of friction (CoF) of the superhydrophobic surface was found to be reduced by 34%, 56%, and 59% compared to the original hydrophilic surface under dry, water, and oil lubrication conditions, respectively. The mechanism variation of the CoF was also discussed. Potentiokinetic polarization testing demonstrated that the prepared superhydrophobic surface provided corrosion protection for the titanium alloy substrate.