This study investigates the recrystallization behavior and texture evolution of ultra-high-strength TB17 titanium alloy during thermal deformation in the β single-phase region through isothermal hot compression experiments combined with EBSD analysis. Results indicate that as strain increases, grains gradually elongate from equiaxed shapes, while the geometric necessary dislocation density significantly rises and accumulates near grain boundaries and second-phase particles, providing nucleation driving forces for recrystallization. Dynamic recrystallization predominantly occurs as continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), nucleating and growing along grain boundaries and within grains through subgrain rotation, coalescence, and grain boundary migration. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) occurs only at trifurcated grain boundaries and increases gradually with strain. During low strain, orientation dispersion occurs with {110}<111> slip dominating. At high strain, a strong <001> and <111> twin texture forms, and the activation of the {112}<111> slip system significantly increases, evolving synergistically with the CDRX process. Controlling deformation magnitude effectively optimizes recrystallization extent and texture type, providing theoretical basis for developing hot working processes for this alloy.