The in vivo bone-regenerative capacity of porous calcium acid phosphate cement (CPC) and titanium alloy scaffold with controlled porous structure were investigated in rabbit calvarial defect models. The results show that the bone-regenerative capacity of porous CPC is much better than that of porous titanium alloy scaffold. Porous CPC exhibits more bone formation and higher mineralization appositional rate than porous titanium scaffold. Moreover, bone remolding of porous CPC is in earlier stage than that of porous titanium alloy scaffold. On the other hand, highly three-dimensional interconnected porous structure is beneficial for the growth of bone tissue. The mechanical properties of titanium alloy can be adapted to those of biological systems by applying a porous structure, which may enhance the integration process and improve implant fixation in earlier stage.