Selective laser melting (SLM) 3D printing technology is a rapid development of metal additive manufacturing technology in recent years. Because of its designability, rapid net forming of complex components, high surface quality and other advantages, it has a wide range of application prospects. Titanium matrix composites based on SLM technology can usually obtain nano ceramic reinforcing phase, which has better performance than titanium alloy, and the mechanical properties of formed components are better than that of castings and forgings. In this paper, the development status of titanium matrix composite based on SLM technology at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed, the selection of ceramic reinforcements is used as an entry point to describe its typical microstructure characteristics and evolution laws, it also discusses its properties and analyzes its unique strengthening mechanism. And on this basis, the key academic problems need to be solved and development direction in the future are prospected.