The effects of Nd and Er elements on the friction and wear behavior of Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn alloy were studied. More types and quantities of intermetallic compounds can hinder the migration and slip of the grain boundary, and the volume fraction of dynamic precipitates β_1^" with a smaller average length increased, which increases the hardness of the matrix and leads to reduce the wear rate of Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn-0.6Nd-0.3Er alloy. The wear mechanism of Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn alloy under a lower load of 5N is mainly abrasive wear, accompanied by oxidative wear; when the load increased to 20N, abrasive wear is weakened obviously and oxidative wear increases in Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn alloy. The wear mechanism of Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn-0.6Nd-0.3Er alloy under 5N is mainly abrasive wear, accompanied by oxidative wear and adhesion wear; due to the improved wear resistance, when the load increases to 20N, the wear mechanism of Mg-6.0Zn-0.5Mn-0.6Nd-0.3Er alloy is still mainly abrasive wear, accompanied by oxidative wear and weakened adhesion wear.