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稀土钨电极在电推进系统中的耐烧蚀性能研究
作者:
作者单位:

北京工业大学

作者简介:

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

TG422.1

基金项目:

北京控制工程研究所先进空间推进技术实验室和北京市高效能及绿色宇航推进工程技术研究中心开放基金课题资助(项目号LabASP-2019-07)


Research on erosion resistance of rare earth tungsten electrode in electric propulsion
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology;2.Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology

Fund Project:

Funded by Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory of BICE and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology; No:LabASP 20107

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    摘要:

    阴极作为电弧加热发动机的“心脏”,担负着加热工质气体产生推进力的作用,由于卫星服役周期长,点火次数频繁,对阴极材料的寿命及耐烧损性能提出了很高的要求。为寻求耐烧损性能优异的阴极材料,以W-La-Ce-Y与W-La-Y-Zr电极为基础,采用氢还原-中频烧结的方法制备W-La-Ce-Y-Re与W-La-Y-Zr-Re电极材料。模拟发动机实际工况在250A电流下进行燃弧试验,测量燃弧后电极的质量损失并对电极尖端的组织形貌进行观察表征。结果表明,加铼电极在燃弧2h后的烧损质量更少,尖端形貌变化程度更小,耐烧损性能更好。在扫描电镜下观察到铼的加入抑制了尖端表面枝晶的生长,弱化了钨基体晶粒的再结晶程度,并探讨了稀土氧化物的迁移途径;在金相显微镜下观察到加铼电极的再结晶晶粒更细小,铼起到了细化再结晶晶粒的作用。在不同工作电流下测得加铼电极的阴极压降更低,铼的加入提升了电极材料的电子发射性能。

    Abstract:

    As the "heart" of the Arcjet, cathode is responsible for heating the gaseous propellant to produce propulsion. Due to the long service cycle and frequent ignition times of satellite, high requirements are put forward for the service life and erosion resistance of cathode materials. Based on W-La-Ce-Y and W-La-Y-Zr electrodes, W-La-Ce-Y-Re and W-La-Y-Zr-Re electrode materials were prepared by hydrogen reduction-median frequencySsintering. By simulating the actual working condition of the Arcjet, the arcing test was carried out at 250A current, the erosion resistance of each electrode material was studied, and the morphology of the electrode tip after arcing was observed. The results show that the rhenium electrode has less burning loss quality, better tip morphology stability, and better burning loss resistance after 2 hours of arc burning. Under SEM, it was observed that the rhenium inhibited the growth of dendrites and weakened the recrystallization degree of tungsten matrix grains. The grain orientation on the surface of rhenium electrode was more conducive to the migration of rare earth oxides; Under the metallographic microscope, it was observed that the grains at the tip of the rhenium electrode are finer, and rhenium plays a role in refining the recrystallized grains. The cathode voltage drop of rhenium electrode is lower at different currents. The addition of rhenium improves the electron emission performance of electrode materials.

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韦银河,杨建参,陈然,郭胤宸.稀土钨电极在电推进系统中的耐烧蚀性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2022,51(10):3892~3899.[Wei Yinhe, Yang Jiancan, Chen Ran, Guo Yinchen. Research on erosion resistance of rare earth tungsten electrode in electric propulsion[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2022,51(10):3892~3899.]
DOI:10.12442/j. issn.1002-185X.20210852

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  • 收稿日期:2021-09-28
  • 最后修改日期:2021-11-07
  • 录用日期:2022-01-22
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-11-01
  • 出版日期: 2022-10-28