One-dimensional Co2P nanowires were synthesized by microwave hydrothermal (MWH) method using CoCl2·6H2O and yellow phosphorus as raw materials, and CTAB surfactant as a structure-directed agent. The effect of surfactants on the Co2P nanostructures was studied. As-synthesized nanowires were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that One-dimensional Co2P nanostructures were synthesized with the presence of surfactants, and a number of Co2P nanowires with 50-200 nm in diameter were obtained using CTAB. The yield and length of Co2P nanowires were increased with CTAB contents increase. The electrochemical properties indicated that Co2P nanowires had typical pseudo-capacitive characteristics and remained capacitance retention of 68 % after 1000 cycles.