The microstructure characteristic parameters of TC11 titanium alloy during different heat treatment were quantitatively investigated, aiming at the lack of quantitative relationship between microstructure characteristic parameters and room temperature tensile properties of TC11 titanium alloy. The content of equaxed α phase, grain size of equaxed α phase, thickness of platelet α phase and aspect ratio of platelet α phase at different heat treatment temperatures were quantitatively characterized using image analysis software. Quantitative relationships between heat treatment temperature, quantitative microstructure parameters and room temperature tensile properties were established. And quantitative relationships between quantitative microstructure parameters and room temperature tensile properties were analyzed using a multivariate nonlinear regression model. The results indicate that the microstructure of TC11 titanium alloy depends on the heat treatment regime. For every 10°C increase in solid solution temperature, the content of the equaxed α phase decreases by about 4.6%. For every 10°C increase in aging temperature, the thickness of platelet α phase increases by about 0.05 μm. Experimental and statistical analyses show that, with the decrease of the content of the equaxed α phase, the strength of TC11 titanium alloy decreases and then increases, and the plasticity increases and then decreases. The grain size of the equaxed α phase has a small effect on the room temperature tensile properties of the alloy. The increase of platelet α phase thickness increases the strength of the alloy. Alloy plasticity independent of platelet α phase thickness. The decrease of the aspect ratio of platelet α phase decreases the strength of the alloy firstly decreases and then improves, and the plasticity improves. Between microtissue characteristics and room temperature tensile properties, it is in line with a variety of non -linear regression relationships.