To address the unclear matching issue between the vacuum brazing process of sandwich panel with metal rubber core and its material properties, simulation and orthogonal experimental methods were employed to investigate the influence of heating rate, maximum heating temperature, and holding time on the shear performance and connection strength. In addition, the shear damage behavior of the sandwich panel was analyzed by macro and micro method. The results indicate that sandwich panel prepared by vacuum brazing process exhibits excellent shear and connection strength. During the vacuum brazing process, the temperature deviation at all selected sample points is less than 10 K. Additionally, the residual stress is primarily concentrated at the junction of the wire and the solder, and the nearer the distance to central region, the smaller the residual stress. The maximum residual stress is negatively correlated with the shear performance and joining strength of the sandwich panel. Moreover, the optimum technological parameter (1090 ℃,4 ℃/min and 20 min) of the brazing process for fabricating the sandwich panel is obtained by range analysis.