The hot compression experiment of 6061 aluminum alloy was carried out by using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The hot deformation and dynamic recrystallization behavior of the studied alloy at a deformation temperature of 340℃-490℃ and a strain rate of 0.001s-1-1s-1 by metallographic microscope and transmission electron microscope to study. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization behavior of the studied alloy is very sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate. The increase of temperature and the decrease of strain rate will promote the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. Based on the peak stress, the constitutive equation is established, and the thermal deformation activation energy is calculated to be 235.155kJ·mol-1. The work hardening rate and flow stress curve is used to determine the relationship model between the critical stress (strain), peak stress (strain) and the Z parameter during the hot deformation process. As the temperature increases and the strain rate decreases, the critical stress (strain) and peak stress (strain) of DRX decrease. According to the Avrami equation, the dynamic recrystallization volume fraction model of the studied alloy is established. With the increase of strain, the dynamic recrystallization volume fraction first slowly increases, then rapidly increases and then slowly increases. The dynamic recrystallization volume fraction model can predict the dynamic recrystallization behavior of the studied alloy more accurately.