In this paper, large-area EBSD splicing technology was used to study the crystal grain morphology and size, preferred orientation, and grain boundary feature distribution of the electrolytic nickel plate in the growth direction, and the microstructure of the nickel plate is observed by SEM. The results show that the nickel crystal grains change from small equiaxed crystal grains to coarse columnar crystals with the size of micro-nano scale as the deposition progresses; the crystal orientation does not have a strong preferred orientation at the beginning of the deposition, and finally changes to the <001> orientation. In the initial stage of deposition, the large-angle grain boundaries accounted for more than 80%; as the deposition progresses, the proportions of large and small grain boundaries vary in different positions of the deposition layer; a large number of adjacent grains in the nickel deposition layer are separated by ∑3, ∑9, ∑27 twin boundaries, and the ∑3 grain boundary frequency reaches more than 65%. The nickel deposition layer formed on the different surfaces of the starting sheet grows in different ways. The surface of the fine grains grows in the nucleation and growth way, and the nickel atoms on the free-growing surface are directly incorporated into the crystal lattice without undergoing the nucleation process.