The evolution of deformation behavior and microtexture in one pass cold Pilgering process was investigated. Results show that during cold Pilgering, the {102} tensile twin and prismatic slip are the two modes that are most easily activated. The activated {102} tensile twins cause the grain orientation changes in axial directions, which changes from <100> to <110>. The maximum intensity point of {0001} pole figure changes along the TD, which is attributed to twinning and slip under different transient Q-value and equivalent plastic strain.