Precision polishing of aero-engine blades is a complex material removal process, especially considering that the blade materials are often difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys. This study uses finite element simulation to analyze the friction behavior of single abrasive particles during cutting TC4 titanium alloy, aiming to reveal its role in polishing titanium alloy blades. The Abaqus software was used to establish a plastic deformation model of the material removal process of a single abrasive particle under static conditions, and the accuracy of the simulation was improved through iterative adaptive meshing technology, and the single abrasive particle cutting TC4 under different friction coefficients was obtained. The contact stress distribution and material deformation profile of scratches on the titanium alloy surface were obtained, and the curves of the maximum cutting depth of the cross-sectional profile and the material accumulation rate with the friction coefficient were obtained. The analysis results show that as the friction coefficient increases, the stress on the contact surface between the abrasive grain and the workpiece also increases, which in turn leads to an increase in the cutting depth; the friction coefficient has a small impact on the abrasive grain cutting-in stage, while in the abrasive grain cutting-out stage, The material accumulation rate increases due to material accumulation in front of the abrasive particles and the material being pushed up by the cutout path. Research shows that the material deformation mechanism is different during the cutting-in and cutting-out stages, and the larger friction coefficient promotes the accumulation of material at the front end and both sides of the abrasive particles. Therefore, during the polishing process of aeroengine titanium alloy blades, it is necessary to reasonably control the friction coefficient to achieve better polishing results.